Hoehn and Yahr scale
Neurology
Also known as: Hoehn and Yahr stage · Hoehn-und-Yahr-Stadien · Hoehn-Yahr-Skala · Hoehn-Yahr evrelemesi · Hoehn and Yahr staging (Parkinson's disease)
What it is for
Hoehn and Yahr scale: stages motor severity of Parkinson's disease by laterality, balance (postural reflexes) and independence.
Classification
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Stage 1 | unilateral involvement only, usually with minimal or no functional disability. |
| Stage 2 | bilateral or midline involvement without impaired balance. |
| Stage 3 | bilateral disease with mild to moderate disability and impaired postural reflexes; physically independent. |
| Stage 4 | severely disabling disease; still able to walk or stand unassisted. |
| Stage 5 | confined to bed or wheelchair unless aided. |
| Modified version | adds 1.5 (unilateral plus axial involvement) and 2.5 (mild bilateral disease with recovery on the pull test); widely used but not clinimetrically tested, so state which version is used. |
Source
Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality
Neurology 1967;17:427–442 (Hoehn MM, Yahr MD)
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.17.5.427
PMID: 6067254
- Edition
- Original Hoehn & Yahr 1967 (stages 1-5); modified version with 0.5 steps noted (MDS Task Force 2004)
- Checked on
Summary of the published classification in our own words. Not a substitute for the original publication.
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