Dukes staging
Oncology, staging and radiology
Also known as: Dukes classification · Dukes-Klassifikation (kolorektales Karzinom) · Dukes sınıflaması · Dukes classification of colorectal cancer (historical) and its TNM equivalents
What it is for
Dukes staging was the classic pathological staging of colorectal carcinoma. It is no longer used for reporting (UK pathology datasets record TNM only), but appears in older reports and studies.
Classification
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Dukes A | tumour confined to the bowel wall (not through the muscularis propria), nodes negative — roughly T1–T2 N0 M0 (TNM stage I). |
| Dukes B | tumour through the muscularis propria into extramural tissue, nodes negative — roughly T3–T4 N0 M0 (stage II). |
| Dukes C | regional lymph node metastasis — any T, N1–N2, M0 (stage III). Modified: C1 apical (highest) node not involved; C2 apical node at the vascular ligature involved. |
| Dukes D | added later: distant metastasis (any T, any N, M1 — stage IV); in the UK national code also incomplete local removal. |
| Note | the Astler–Coller and other modifications use the same letters with different subdivisions, so a Dukes letter alone can be ambiguous. |
Source
The classification of cancer of the rectum
J Pathol Bacteriol 1932;35:323–332 (Dukes CE)
- Edition
- Dukes 1932 with later modifications (C1/C2, D); historical, replaced by UICC/AJCC TNM
- Checked on
Summary of the published classification in our own words. Not a substitute for the original publication.
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