Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document
European Interdisciplinary Council on Ageing (EICA) · 2025 · Europe
Source and licence
- Authors
- Nicola Veronese, Jane Barratt, Eveline Coemans et al.
- Title
- Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document
- Journal
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2025
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Changes
- Verbatim excerpts; formatting adapted
Full text retrieved 2026-10-27 from Europe PMC · PMC12748297
Licence statement of the original publication
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Recommendations
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Abstract
The accelerating ageing of populations worldwide presents profound challenges for public health, particularly within long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older adults, often burdened by multimorbidity, frailty, and immunosenescence, are highly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pertussis, and herpes zoster (HZ). Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunization coverage in LTCFs remains inadequate, hindered by fragmented national policies, insufficient mandates, and systemic neglect of adult vaccination. In many settings, vaccination uptake is not even systematically monitored, leaving policymakers and clinicians without reliable data to identify gaps or measure progress. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored these vulnerabilities, temporarily spurring emergency vaccination efforts but failing to establish sustainable, life-course immunization frameworks. This consensus document, developed by the European Interdisciplinary Council on Ageing (EICA) following the San Servolo (Venice, Italy) 2025 meeting, synthesizes evidence on intrinsic and environmental infection risk factors in LTCFs, the health and economic burden of infections, and the persistent gaps in vaccine uptake among both residents and staff. We highlight the cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions, the critical role of non-pharmacological infection control measures, and the need to address antimicrobial resistance through integrated vaccination strategies. The Council emphasizes that routine adult vaccination must become a structural element of care planning for ageing populations, supported by digital registries, systematic assessments at LTC admission, co-administration strategies, and robust staff engagement. Stronger global and national policy leadership is urgently needed to align LTCF immunization with life-course approaches and primary healthcare integration. Protecting frail older adults from infectious diseases is not only a clinical necessity but also a societal obligation—central to safeguarding dignity, resilience, and healthy ageing in Europe and beyond.
Graphical Abstract: The fi gure was made FigureLabs.
Contents of the original publication
The section headings of the original.
- Introduction
- Intrinsic factors favouring infections in long term care residents
- Environmental factors influencing infections in long-term care facilities
- Economic burden of infectious diseases in long-term care facilities
- Burden of infectious respiratory diseases in long-term care facilities
- An exemplified Story, not to forget: COVID-19 in Long-Term care institutions
- Healthcare associated infections (hai) in Ltc residents
- Non-Pharmacological infection prevention and control measures
- Prevention of antimicrobial resistances in adults and older adults
- Prevention of Anti-Microbial resistances in children: focus on a Life-Long approach
- Vaccine uptake rates in residents in Long-Term care facilities
- Vaccine uptake rates among staff working in Long-Term care facilities
- Available vaccines for preventing infections in residents in long-term care facilities
- COVID-19
- Respiratory vaccines in Long-Term care: Influenza, Pneumococcal, and RSV
- Pertussis
- Herpes Zoster
- Discussion: facing the challenge in Ids prevention, control and treatment in Ltc residents
- Concluding remarks and practical implementation steps
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