Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report

ADA/EASD/JBDS/AACE/DTS · 2024 · international

Source and licence

Authors: Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Georgia M. Davis, Nuha A. ElSayed et al.
Title: Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report
Journal: Diabetologia, 2024
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Changes: Verbatim excerpts; formatting adapted

Full text retrieved 2026-10-27 from Europe PMC · PMC11343900

Licence statement of the original publication

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Abstract

The American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) and Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a panel of internists and diabetologists to update the ADA consensus statement on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, published in 2001 and last updated in 2009. The objective of this consensus report is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in adults. A systematic examination of publications since 2009 informed new recommendations. The target audience is the full spectrum of diabetes healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains a slideset of the figures for download available at 10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8.

Contents of the original publication

The section headings of the original.

Introduction
Research design and methods
Section 1. What are recent global trends in epidemiology and outcomes?
Morbidity and mortality
Risk factors
Section 2. What is the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemic crises?
Section 3. What are the diagnostic criteria of DKA and HHS?
Diagnostic criteria for DKA
Diagnostic criteria for HHS
Clinical presentation of DKA and HHS
Section 4. What is the recommended treatment of DKA and HHS?
Fluid therapy
Insulin
Transition to maintenance insulin therapy
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Criteria for resolution of DKA and HHS
Section 5. What are complications during treatment?
Section 6. What are the recommended management strategies for special populations?
Section 7. How can DKA and HHS be prevented?
Section 8. What are the priority areas for future research?

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