Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency in chronic heart failure
ÖKG · 2025 · Austria
Source and licence
- Authors
- Moritz Messner, Gerhard Pölzl, Christopher Adlbrecht et al.
- Title
- Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency in chronic heart failure
- Journal
- Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 2025
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Changes
- Verbatim excerpts; formatting adapted
Full text retrieved 2026-10-27 from Europe PMC · PMC12055910
Licence statement of the original publication
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Open the original publication →Full text on Europe PMC
Recommendations
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Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in heart failure (HF), affecting 55% of chronic and up to 80% of acute HF patients, regardless of ejection fraction (EF). An ID is associated with reduced quality of life, impaired exercise capacity (VO2 peak), higher hospitalization rate and lower survival rate. It is also an independent predictor of HF outcomes. This consensus statement critically reviews the diagnostic criteria for ID in HF and provides recommendations for their use. The efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplements, including ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and ferric derisomaltose (FDI), are analyzed highlighting the indications and potential adverse effects. Key clinical trials and guideline recommendations are summarized. In summary, the document addresses the diagnostics, treatment and monitoring of ID in HF.
Contents of the original publication
The section headings of the original.
- Introduction
- Physiological role of iron and pathophysiology of ID
- Absolute and functional ID
- Diagnosis of ID in HF
- Critical comments on the current diagnostic criteria
- Treatment of ID in HF
- Oral iron supplementation
- IV iron supplementation
- Adverse effects and complications of IV iron treatment
- Dosage of IV iron treatment and follow-up evaluation
- Current recommendations
- Outlook for the future
- Take home messages
- Further information
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