Austrian Pompe Outcome Consensus (APOC): a national Delphi study
AT-Konsensus · 2026 · Austria
Source and licence
- Authors
- Florian B. Lagler, Thomas Scherer, Jörg Weber et al.
- Title
- Austrian Pompe Outcome Consensus (APOC): a national Delphi study
- Journal
- Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2026
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Changes
- Verbatim excerpts; formatting adapted
Full text retrieved 2026-10-27 from Europe PMC · PMC12895735
Licence statement of the original publication
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Abstract
Background: Follow-up assessments form the basis for the continuous optimization of therapy and supportive care on an individual level, for confirming treatment efficacy, and for detecting newly emerging or unexpectedly progressive symptoms early enough to permit timely therapeutic intervention. For Pompe disease, evidence based guidelines on which assessments should constitute the minimum standard and which are required in specific situations only, were missing. Therefore, we started the Austrian Pompe Outcome Consensus (APOC) Study.
Methods: APOC was a Delphi process with two classical online and a modified third round, implemented September 2023–May 2024, following the AWMF S2k guideline. A five-member interdisciplinary steering committee invited 23 clinical experts, achieving response rates of 69.6% and 100%. A questionnaire was developed via literature scoping and an expert workshop. The importance and recommended frequency of follow-up assessments were rated using AGREE II consensus thresholds, and the classification for recommendation strength of the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF;Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V.).
Results: 34 statements achieved consensus. Strong recommendations included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), timed tests, Pompe PEDI and other age-appropriate functional tests in children, muscle tests, handheld dynamometry, Fatigue Severity Scale, patient-reported outcome measures (e.g. R-Pact), forced vital capacity (sitting/supine), morphologic muscle imaging studies, pain and quality of life assessment. Further recommendations included respiratory (MIP/MEP) and sleep studies (polysomnography), creatine kinase, antibody titers, swallowing studies, liver sonography, hearing tests and speech and speech/oromotor function, physical therapy and rehabilitation, bone density assessment, and caregiver psychosocial care.
Conclusions: The APOC Delphi consensus yields AGREE II–compliant, systematically weighted recommendations delineating essential and optional follow-up assessments for Pompe disease in the context of Austrian healthcare. The applied method enabled a structured and efficient consensus-building process and appears well suited for addressing comparable questions in other rare disease contexts.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Contents of the original publication
The section headings of the original.
- Background
- Methods
- Study design and framework
- Steering committee
- Expert panel composition
- Handling of non-integrated perspectives
- Questionnaire development
- Delphi rounds
- Stopping criteria and modifications
- Data analysis and consensus conference
- Management of bias and dominance effects
- Illustration of Delphi process
- Results
- Musculoskeletal and neuromuscular evaluation
- Respiratory function
- Cardiology
- Radiology
- Gastrointestinal function and diet
- Bone density
- Cognitive function
- Auditory function
- Language, speech, and oromotor function
- Pain assessment
- Antibody status
- Rehabilitation and physical therapy and exercise
- Biochemical markers
- Relatives’ psychosocial health
- Quality of life (QoL)
- Discussion
- Conclusion
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